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The "seven deadly things" and why there are only seven
SENS is a practical, foreseeable approach to curing aging because all
the types of metabolic side-effect whose accumulation is (or is even
hypothesised to be) eventually pathogenic are amenable to repair (or in
some cases obviation, i.e. disruption of the mechanism by which they
become pathogenic) by techniques that, according to the
experimentalists who have performed the key work on which those
techniques build, can (with adequate funding) probably be implemented
in mice within a decade or so. There are seven major categories of
such damage, listed below, along with the leading technique or
techniques that can address them. Follow the links to read more detail
about these techniques. I apologise that these more detailed pages do
not yet include references to the literature. In most cases you can
find the key references in my relevant publications, which are all
available here.
Note: The dates given are when the category of damage in question was
first proposed, in the gerontology literature, to be responsible for
aging or some major age-related cause of death or debilitation. The
earlier ones may not in fact be the first such mention, but they are
well-known and often cited as pioneering publications in the area in
question. The full citations are below the table. The relevance of
these dates is that they are all over 20 years ago. The fact that we
have not discovered another major category of even potentially
pathogenic damage accumulating with age in two decades, despite so
tremendous an improvement in our analytical techniques over that
period, strongly suggests that no more are to be found -- at least,
none that would kill us in a presently normal lifetime.
The above table is to some extent similar to Table 4.3 in Holliday's
1995 book Understanding Ageing, though with important differences
resulting from the focus on types of damage rather than types of
maintenance. Some of the studies cited here were in fact incorrect
in their interpretation of the data they examined, but the point is
that they brought the corresponding type of damage to the fore as a
candidate component of aging.
Alzheimer A. Über eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde. Allgemeine
Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medizin, Berlin,
1907, 64: 146-148.
Brody H. Organization of the cerebral cortex III. J Comp Neurol 1955; 102:511-556.
Szilard L. On the nature of the ageing process. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1959; 45:35-45.
Strehler BL, Mark DD, Mildvan AS, Gee MV. Rate and magnitude of age pigment accumulation in the human myocardium. J Gerontol 1959; 14:430-439.
Hayflick L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. Exp Cell Res 1965; 37:614-636.
Harman D. The biologic clock: the mitochondria? J Am Geriatr Soc 1972;20:145-147.
Monnier VM, Cerami A. Nonenzymatic browning in vivo: possible process for aging of long-lived proteins. Science 1981;211:491-493.
Cutler RG. The dysdifferentiation hypothesis of mammalian aging and longevity. In: The Aging Brain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging in the Nervous System (Gicobini E et al., eds), Raven (New York), 1982, pp. 1-19.
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